The Past, Present, and Future of Multidimensional Scaling

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) has established itself as a standard tool for statisticians and applied researchers. Its success is due to its simple and easily interpretable representation of potentially complex structural data. These data are typically embedded into a 2-dimensional map, where the objects of interest (items, attributes, stimuli, respondents, etc.) correspond to points such that those that are near to each other are empirically similar, and those that are far apart are different. In this paper, we pay tribute to several important developers of MDS and give a subjective overview of milestones in MDS developments. We also discuss the present situation of MDS and give a brief outlook on its future

Embedding the organizational culture profile into Schwartz’s theory of universals in values

Abstract Person-organization fit (P-O fit) is often measured by the congruence of a person’s values and the values that he or she ascribes to the organization. A popular instrument used in this context is the Organizational Culture Profile (O’Reilly, Chatman, & Caldwell, 1991). The OCP scales use 54 items that form eight factors in exploratory factor analysis. We investigate the extent to which the OCP can be embedded into Schwartz’s Theory of Universals in Values (TUV) that is formulated in terms of a circumplex in a 2-dimensional plane. To address this question, we develop a non-standard multidimensional scaling (MDS) method that enforces a TUV-based axial regionality onto the solution space together with a permutation test that assesses the consistency of the side constraints with the MDS representation. We find that the OCP can indeed be embedded into the TUV. The practical implication is that P-O fit can be assessed more simply by the congruence of the person’s and the organization’s positions on two value dimensions: risk vs. rules and results vs. relations

Embedding the Organizational Culture Profile into Schwartz’s Universal Value Theory using Multidimensional Scaling with Regional Restrictions

Person-organization fit is often measured by the congruence of a person’s values and the values that he or she ascribes to the organization. A popular instrument used in this context is the Organizational Culture Profile (O’Reilly, Chatman, & Caldwell, 1991). The OCP scales its 54 items on eight factors, derived by exploratory factor analysis. We investigate the extent to which the OCP can be embedded into Schwartz’s Theory of Universals in Values (TUV) that is formulated in terms of a circumplex in MDS space. To address this question, we develop a non-standard MDS method that enforces a TUV-based axial regionality onto the solution space together with a permutation test that assesses the consistency of the side constraints with the MDS representation. We find that the OCP can indeed be largely embedded into the TUV. The practical implication is that P-O fit can at least be approximated by the congruence of the person’s and the organization’s positions on two value dimensions, risk vs. rules and results vs. relations

La Exploración de Tácticas para la Resolución de Conflictos en Relaciones Íntimas:Reanálisis de un Instrumento de Investigación

Este texto surge de una encuesta nacional y representativa a víctimas. Una adaptación de las Escalas de Tácticas empleadas en Conflictos, CTS, de Straus fue uno de los instrumentos centrales utilizados en este estudio. A pesar de su empleo muy frecuente, el análisis de este instrumento ha venido acompañado de muchas dificultades, algunas de las cuales se tratan en este texto. En primer lugar, vamos a presentar un esquema conceptual del CTS y su estructura. A continuación, describimos nuestro enfoque metodológico prestando atención a problemas particulares de este instrumento. En tercer lugar, resumiremos los resultados principales de nuestro estudio. Para finalizar, indicaremos cómo aplicar este enfoque metodológico a otros problemas de investigación

Procrustean analysis of matrices with different row order

procrustean analysis, matrix fitting, facet theory,